Purpose – This study seeks to examine which types of message appeals are more effective in reducing unrealistic optimism (a tendency for people to believe that they are less susceptible than others to encounter negative outcomes) and inducing purchase intentions of preemptive products in...

Investigates husband/wife influence on purchasing decisions for a variety of goods and services in the Netherlands and in the USA. Reveals that there are substantial differences between the two countries, with the US wife having a greater autonomous role than the Dutch. Indicates that this could...