The impact of EMU on the transatlantic exchange rate stability raises the more general question of whether the exchange rate is a useful adjustment instrument or source of instability. We estimate a simple, three-country model for the United States, Germany and France, over the 1972-1995 period....

We study the contribution of market regulations in the dynamics of the real exchange rate within the European Union. Based on a model proposed by De Gregorio et al. (1994a), we show that both product market regulations in nontradable sectors and employment protection tend to inflate the real...