Introducing competition to the railway market is a long and difficult process and it is still ongoing. The fourth railway package has been adopted making market opening in passenger railways mandatory in the upcoming years. Therefore the debate is now evolving from a theoretical conversation to...

As a reaction to the increasing threat of terrorist attacks some European countries have proposed stricter security measures to protect their railway systems. Security is traditionally not within the competences of the European Union yet a conflict may arise between uncoordinated national...

The European Rail Sector has room for improvements with regard to its performance. But how exactly are the railways performing and how are they improving? Key Performance Indicators are a popular tool to measure and benchmark the performance of an organisation. They are used on the company...

In recent years new developments in the railway market have brought about several new insights about the effects of competition in the sector. In the context of a workshop in Madrid organised by the UNED University in the realm of the research project REGUTRAIN, some practical cases in Europe...

Rail transport and inland waterways are crucial to achieve the objectives outlined in the Green Deal agenda. These aims include a 55% reduction in greenhouse gases by 2030 and attaining climate neutrality by 2050. The Railway Guidelines play a fundamental role in this context, enabling support...

This paper presents a game-theoretic model of a liberalized railway market, in which train operation and ownership of infrastructure are vertically separated. We analyze how the regulatory agency will optimally set the charges that operators have to pay to the infrastructure manager for access...

Contents: 1. Railway regulation: A comparative analysis of a diverging reality / Juan Montero and Matthias Finger -- 2. Railway regulation in Germany / Thomas Fetzer -- 3. The ongoing process of liberalization of the railway sector in France / Stéphane de la Rosa -- 4. Developments in rail...