Since the seminal work of the Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, the study of wealth and income has been a topic of active scientific exploration engaging researches ranging from economics and political science to econophysics and complex systems. This paper investigates the intrinsic fractality...

We establish a “Central Limit Theorem” for rank distributions, which provides a detailed characterization and classification of their universal macroscopic statistics and phase transitions. The limit theorem is based on the statistical notion of Lorenz curves, and is termed the “Lorenzian...

We consider an evolving ensemble assembled from a set of n different elements via a stochastic growth process in which independent and identically distributed copies of the elements arrive randomly in time, and their statistics are governed by Zipf’s law. The associated “Heaps process” is...

An inverted rank distribution is an infinite sequence of positive sizes ordered in a monotone increasing fashion. Interlacing together Lorenzian and oligarchic asymptotic analyses, we establish a macroscopic classification of inverted rank distributions into five “socioeconomic” universality...