The US Congress is a racialized governing institution that plays an important role structuring the racial hierarchy in the nation. Despite Congress’s influence, there is little theoretical and empirical research on its racialized structure – that is, how it operates and the racial processes...

Traditional approaches to understanding race of interviewer (ROI) effects have focused more on respondent error than interviewer and survey design error. Respondents are hypothesized to alter their responses to certain items in an effort to maintain a favorable impression for the interviewer....