This working paper includes a collection of case notes written by the national judges who attended the European Networking and Training for National Competition Enforcers (ENTraNCE Judges 2016). The training programme was organised by RSCAS between September, 2015, and June, 2016, with the...

The European Commission is charged with implementing the Digital Markets Act (DMA) which will impose a list of 22 do and don't to Big Tech platforms in March 2024. Based on economic and legal reasoning, this paper asks how the Commission can fulfil this challenging task effectively. The paper...

By reference to case-law and soft law in three jurisdictions (Canada, US and EU), this paper explores how courts and agencies carry out balancing exercises in the application of competition law. The paper identifies three approaches: utilitarian balancing, consumer welfare balancing, and...