On 23 July 2021, the European Commission has adopted a new notice on the enforcement of EU State aid rules by national courts (the "New Enforcement Notice"). The New Enforcement Notice aims at providing: Concrete guidance on the enforcement of State aid rules at national level focusing on cases...

On 23 July 2021, the European Commission has adopted a new notice on the enforcement of EU State aid rules by national courts (the "New Enforcement Notice"). The New Enforcement Notice aims at providing: Concrete guidance on the enforcement of State aid rules at national level focusing on cases...

The Damages Directive was published in the Official Journal on 5 December 2014. EU countries need to implement it by 27 December 2016. The Directive makes it a lot easier for victims of antitrust violations to claim compensation, and fine-tunes the interplay between private damages claims and...

Over the past decade competition authorities (CAs) and academic researchers have become increasingly interested in conducting ex-post economic evaluations of competition policy enforcement actions. The scepticism expressed at the end of 1990s by some academics about the benefits of competition...

A lot can be learnt from existing work on the micro and macroeconomic impacts of competition policy. Overall, this review of the literature confirms that competition policy contributes to the good functioning of markets and improves consumer welfare. The empirical research on the microeconomic...