reform program that I analyze may have raised wages modestly … meager returns to experience, undermining the link between welfare reform and wages …Work was one of the central motivations for welfare reform during the 1990s. One important rationale for work was based …

, and income. Yet most welfare reform research focuses on mean impacts. We investigate the importance of heterogeneity using … impacts. We conclude that welfare reform's effects are likely both more varied and more extensive than has been recognized …. -- treatment effect heterogeneity ; welfare reform ; distributional effects …

, and income. Yet most welfare reform research focuses on mean impacts. We investigate the importance of heterogeneity using …'s greater costs. We conclude that welfare reform's effects are likely both more varied and more extensive than has been …