This paper aims to contribute to the academic discussion in “Innovation and Creativity in Emerging Economic Spaces” in … the scale of territorial innovation networks. Here, we distinguish between substantial, relational and topical modes of … learning and innovation in territorial innovation systems (TIS) such as science parks. …

The innovation process is characterized by interactive learning involving multiple entities (Lundvall 1988). The flow … and exchange of information and knowledge spurs R&D activities and innovation enhancing regions’ economic growth and … interactive innovation processes. Both case studies provide similarities in their development process, although, as we shall see …