This study employs the gravity model to estimate the extent of the contribution of six African trade blocs to the global economy using the gravity model spanning from 1980 to 2018. The gravity equation that models the export contributions of the six selected African RECs to the global export is...

The present evolutionary phase in international economic and political relations involves the analysis of a “new globalization” and the profound reshaping of multipolarity. This article examines the fundamental elements of the newly emerging globalization morphology from a critical...