After the accession of Bulgaria and Romania in 2007, the European Union moved quickly to fill an obvious gap in its vision of the regions to its periphery, proposing the 'Black Sea Synergy'. The EU shows a certain degree of commonality in its approaches to the Baltic Sea region, the...

We construct a 45-sector model of Ukraine with Turkey and six other regions to estimate the impacts on Ukraine of deep integration with Turkey in their potential Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Our central model contains foreign direct investment (FDI) in business services with endogenous...

Already in 1994, Baldwin predicted the formation of the 'hub-and-spokes' model to describe the outcomes of economic integration across the European Union (EU) implying marginalization of the new EU member states. We examine the validity of this hypothesis by putting an emphasis on Visegrad group...

The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic feasibility and implications of free trade agreement between the EU and Armenia as well as of greater regional integration between Georgia, Armenia and the Black Sea countries. The study uses a mix of qualitative and quantitative analysis along...