1.Introduction to Services and GVC Activities ASEAN and East Asia -- 2.Changes in the Business Conditions of small and medium sizes enterprises during COVID-19: industry and regional analysis in Japan -- 3.Establishment Dynamics and Employment Growth of FDI Service Firms Evidence from Korea --...

This paper creates a new index ("index of bilateral trade relation") to quantitatively evaluate the degree of regional economic integration based on countries' de facto bilateral trade relations. It concludes that a fundamental arrangement of East Asian regionalism should involve at least one of...