Ever since the 1990s, there has been a stream of unofficial studies and reviews discussing the possibility of a US-EU FTA. The average tariff rates for manufactured goods, however, in the US and EU are each a mere 2.0% and 2.4%, and both possess largely open economies. In this context it was...

Beginning with the Global Europe Initiative in 2006, the EU has conducted active trade policy measures to contribute to economic growth, job creation and social cohesion in the European community. Comprehensive and high-leveled bilateral FTA initiatives, among others, have rapidly emerged as a...

Trade-related issues such as market access and tariff elimination or reduction have been the main concerns of free trade agreements or FTAs since the early 2000s. With more attention recently given to the concept of sustainable development, however, a growing number of countries start to share a...

This paper examines development of inter/intra-industry trade in Europe and East Asia. In order to quantify the level of intra-industry trade (IIT), a bias-corrected Grubel and Lloyd index is used. The finding is that IIT is more evident in intra-European trade than in intra-East Asian trade,...