Productivity levels and productivity growth rates vary significantly over space. These differences are perhaps most pronounced between countries, but they remain acutely evident within national spaces as economic growth favors some cities and regions and not others. In this paper, we map the...

Since the 1980s, income differences between European Union (EU) states have declined at the same time as regional inequalities within countries have increased (Puga, 2002). Across many states of the EU regional development is increasingly polarized (Overman et al., 2002). Although regional...