Inference for estimates of treatment effects with clustered data requires great care when treatment is assigned at the group level. This is true for both pure treatment models and difference-in-differences regressions. Even when the number of clusters is quite large, cluster-robust standard...

We discuss when and how to deal with possibly clustered errors in linear regression models. Specifically, we discuss situations in which a regression model may plausibly be treated as having error terms that are arbitrarily correlated within known clusters but uncorrelated across them. The...

We study cluster-robust inference for binary response models. Inference based on the most commonly-used cluster-robust variance matrix estimator (CRVE) can be very unreliable. We study several alternatives. Conceptually the simplest of these, but also the most computationally demanding, involves...

Cluster-robust inference is widely used in modern empirical work in economics and many other disciplines. The key unit of observation is the cluster. We propose measures of "high-leverage" clusters and "influential" clusters for linear regression models. The measures of leverage and partial...