After generics, which are copies of chemical medicines, "copies" of already patented biologics (biosimilars) are entering the biologics market and competing with their originators. Many uncertainties remain regarding the development of this newly emerging market, and the ability of biosimilars...

This paper addresses the question of what options are available to regulate the sector in the near future. In order to answer this question, the paper focuses on the problem of investment and innovation in an ex ante regulated sector. Relying on existing literature, we argue that ex ante...

In this dissertation, we analyze the social construction of a market of TV programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the study of a trade fair where buyers (TV channels, distribution intermediaries) and sellers of TV programs (studios, distributors and independent producers) can meet, negotiate,...

In the Basel regulation the required capital of a financial institution is based on conditional measures of the risk of its future equity value such as Value-at-Risk, or Expected Shortfall. In Basel 2 the uncertainty on this equity value is captured by means of changes in asset prices (market...

In the Basel regulation the required capital of a financial institution is based on conditional measures of the risk of its future equity value such as Value-at-Risk, or Expected Shortfall. In Basel 2 the uncertainty on this equity value is captured by means of changes in asset prices (market...

Adopting an historical perspective, we propose to study the way recurrent debates regarding the “excessive speculation” category on financial derivatives markets, take various shapes at different points in time. We consider that history does not repeat itself, at least not in the exact way....