This article examines the current regulatory efforts aimed at creating a Pan-European Personal Pension Product (PEPP). In doing so, it pursues two primary objectives: firstly, it seeks to explain the relevance of a European harmonized pension product to the overall concept of the single market;...

Increasingly, investors also pursue social goals and are not only seeking financial returns. For that reason, a social investment market is emerging in the EU, comprising, in part of, of investment funds targeting social undertakings. Such investment funds provide funding to social undertakings...

In accordance with the Europe 2020 strategy, long-term finance is a crucial enabling tool for putting the European economy on a path of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth with high employment, and competitiveness for building tomorrow’s economy in a way that is less prone to systemic...

Venture capital provides finance to undertakings that are generally very small, that are in the initial stages of their corporate existence and that display a strong potential for growth and expansion. In addition, venture capital funds provide undertakings with valuable expertise and knowledge,...

European banking law restrictions have so far prevented “alternative lending solutions”, such as debt funds and crowdlending platforms, to operate on a Pan-European scale. Consequently, crowdlending platforms currently do not benefit from a European passport and are restricted in attracting...

On the 10th of November 2021, the European crowdfunding regulation (“ESCPR”), as well as a related directive to amend Directive 2014/65/EU (“MiFID II”), entered into force. The ESCPR facilitates the scaling up of crowdfunding services across the internal market to increase access to...

On 8 March 2018, the European Commission published a proposal for a crowdfunding regulation (hereafter: ‘CFR') as well as a proposal to amend MiFID II . The CFR proposal seeks to facilitate the scaling up of crowdfunding services across the internal market to increase access to finance for...

On 8 July 2020, the Council published the last version of the European crowdfunding regulation (‘CFR'), as well as a related directive to amend MiFID II. Although both the regulation and related directive now need to be adopted by the European parliament before it can be published in the...