This paper is a contribution to the 2nd edition of Craig and de Búrca, The Evolution of EU Law. It highlights key trends in EU law in the last ten to fifteen years, as regards the regulation of network industries and of services of general economic interest (SGEIs) more generally. Our central...

Whilst there is widespread agreement in policy circles that fostering innovation should be a priority, there is far less consensus on what this entails and how to achieve this objective. This lack of consensus is echoed in the academic literature on innovation. In this paper, we seek to...

The paper analyses the recent European Commission Proposal for a Digital Markets Act which will regulate the digital gatekeepers in order to increase market contestability and fairness in the European digital economy. First, the paper summarizes the main elements of the Commission proposal:...

With the postal sector moving to a one-way distribution market and the abolition of legal barriers to entry (the reserved sector) in postal markets, the possibilities for competition increase. In this paper, we investigate whether effective competition is likely to develop on its own, or whether...

While much attention is given at EU level to the design and operation of National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs), the enforcement and review of NRA decisions has been largely left to the Member States to organize. With this report, CERRE provides a comprehensive examination of Member State law...

A specific EU model for national regulatory authorities (NRAs) has evolved in the course of the liberalization processes in network industries (electronic communications, energy and others). It rests on two broad lines: NRAs are independent and accountable. The CERRE Report on Independence and...