The procyclicality hypothesis predicts that after a stock market downturn, regulatory initiatives and therefore investor protections increase. Unlike the relevant literature which focuses on new legislation, we focus on the enforcement of securities law. Our work is consistent with the idea of...

International bodies have criticized Canadian financial markets for being lax in the area of enforcement. We examine whether such criticisms are applicable to settlements struck by the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC). We make a number of important findings. First, the total number of parties...

Climate change has come to be seen as a major global environmental challenge. This paper examines the extent to which WTO rules constrain countries` ability to address climate change through domestic regulatory policies such as standards, labels, voluntary agreements and domestic emissions...