After a crisis, broad and sweeping reforms are enacted to restore trust. Following the 2007-2008 Great Financial Crisis, the European Union has engaged in an ambitious overhaul of banking regulation. One of its centerpieces, the 2013 Fourth Capital Requirements Directive (CRD IV), tackles,...

The European Commission published its new Digital Finance Strategy on 24 September 2020 (DFS 2020). One of the centerpieces of the Strategy is the draft regulation on a pilot regime for market infrastructures based on distributed ledger technology (known as PilotR). The PilotR Proposal foresees...

One of the most consequential yet unexamined developments in finance is the recent evolution of large financial technology platforms. In the first analysis of its kind, we scrutinize the world's $50 trillion investment and asset management industry to explore the function of these systems, to...

DeFi – ‘Decentralized Finance' – has joined FinTech, RegTech, cryptocurrencies and digital assets as one of the most discussed emerging technological evolutions in global finance. Yet little is really understood about its meaning, legal implications and policy consequences. This article...

In this comprehensive, accessible work, Ross P. Buckley, Douglas W. Arner, and Dirk A. Zetzsche offer an ideal reference for anyone seeking to understand the technological transformation of finance and the role of regulation: the world of FinTech. They consider FinTech technologies including...

Policymakers around the world, including in Europe, increasingly display a tendency to embed risk management into law, for example by mandating risk governance best practices or by requiring firms to have risk management functions in place. Most recently, the European Commission issued a...

Financial technology (‘FinTech') is transforming finance and challenging its regulation at an unprecedented rate. Two major trends stand out in the current period of FinTech development. The first is the speed of change driven by the commoditization of technology, Big Data analytics, machine...

The AIFMD provides a harmonized European framework for regulating alternative investment funds. Prior to discussing its details, this chapter introduces to the AIFMD, discussing the developments that led to its adoption (Part 1), the AIFMD's principal objectives (Part 2) and its key tools for...