The Technical Note focuses on sizeable mortgage exposures and persistent housing market imbalances. The review evaluated oversight of deposit-taking institutions (DTIs) in federal jurisdiction, as well as in British Columbia and Quebec. There are many good, well-functioning mechanisms in place...

This chapter on Financial Safety Net and Crisis Management for the Canada reviews the insurance sector's regulation and supervision. The paper highlights that Canada has a highly developed insurance market that is important to Canada's economy. Regulation and supervision of the insurance sector...

This technical assistance report outlines the current state and future objectives for regulating crypto assets in the Republic of Kenya. The report, prepared at the request of Kenya's Capital Markets Authority, involved an analysis of crypto-asset activities and the related regulatory framework....

The technical mission aimed to strengthen the cyber risk regulation and supervision, and testing for the National Bank of Georgia (NBG). The mission focused on (i) an assessment of NBG's cyber risk regulation, (ii) an assessment of cyber risk supervisory arrangements of NBG, (iii) assisting in...

The FSAP's focus was on selected topics in relation to the regulation, oversight and supervision of two Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) in Spain, Bolsas y Mercados Españoles Clearing (BMEC), a central counterparty (CCP), and Iberclear (IC) a central securities depository (CSD). Within...

The FSAP undertook a targeted review of the banking regulation and supervision of Spain's Less Significant Institutions (LSIs). The review is part of the 2024 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) of Spain. In scoping this targeted review, the IMF team took account of the recommendations of...

The insurance sector in Luxembourg is very large and serves as a European hub, specifically in the non-life (re)insurance sector and in unit-linked life insurance. Sector assets equaled EUR 289bn in June 2023, corresponding to 372 percent of GDP, significantly higher than in other European...

The Investment Funds (IFs) industry in Luxembourg dominates the domestic financial sector and the EU funds landscape. The Assets Under Management (AUM) of the IF industry in Luxembourg is around 80 times its GDP, much higher than banking (13 times GDP) and insurance (3 times GDP). Based on IF...

The government of Japan has pledged to substantially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the coming decade. Japan is among the largest greenhouse gas emitting economies in the world exposing it to significant transition risk. Although Japan's overall exposure to physical risk is considered...

This technical note reviews the functioning and effectiveness of the regulation, supervision, and systemic risk monitoring of fintech in Japan. It focuses on the institutional arrangements for fintech monitoring, as well as the approach that the Japanese authorities have taken to review the...