Since 1984, the European Union (EU) invests in research and innovation (R&I) through the EU Framework Programmes (FP). This study sheds light on the added value of these long-term investments. To do so, the paper reviews the historical evolution of the FPs, presents the economic rationales for...

This Chapter presents the EU policy context that underlies the need for macroeconomic modelling for the conduct of impact evaluations of R&I funding programmes and provides a critical summary and comparison of the different ex-ante macroeconomic impact assessments of the Horizon Europe Framework...

We review the evidence on the impact of public intervention on private research and innovation, and how research and innovation and R&I policies affect growth in the applied macro models most commonly used in European Union policy analysis. The evidence suggests that R&I grants and R&I tax...