Universities’ centrality within the public research systems has been increasing over time, as it has their interactions with industry. Such interaction poses two dilemmas. One concerns individual scientists and the potential trade-off between basic research activities and those activities...

A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract research, consulting and informal relationships for university-industry knowledge transfer. We present a systematic review of research on academic scientists’ involvement in these activities to which we...

This report provides evidence and policy recommendations concerning Germany's role in the global landscape of international scientific mobility and collaborations. Our analysis draws upon a comprehensive dataset from Scopus, encompassing over 5 million articles authored by researchers affiliated...

The Innovation Act was introduced by the French government in 1999, with the aim of encouraging academic institutions to protect and commercialize their scientists’ inventions. We explore the effects of the Act on the distribution of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) over academic...