Through empirical investigations into university spin-ofs (USOs), we discovered innovativeness benefts derived from maintaining both academia and business partners at a distance. Distance should not be misconstrued as isolation; rather, it emphasises specifc attributes where partners are...

Open innovation has rendered increased interest both in practice and research, and has expanded from dyadic transfers of ideas, to ecosystem levels. Knowledge is at the heart of open innovation, and this paper describes and discusses knowledge-transfer linkages for open innovation. It does so...