We reconsider the justifications of R&D subsidies by Spencer and Brander (1983) and others by allowing firms to pool R&D investments and license innovations. In equilibrium R&D joint ventures are formed and licensing occurs in a way that eliminates the strategic benefits of R&D investment in the...

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the inter-organizational cooperation of enterprises for innovation in the Polish economy compared to the rest of Europe. The micro perspective assesses in detail the scope and scale of cooperation of Polish enterprises with selected stakeholders of...

Investments in research and development (R&D) and innovations are proven to be vital catalysts for the successful transition into knowledge-based economies. Despite the growing importance attached to innovations and R&D, they have yet to receive enough scholarly attention in developing...

The Innovation Competitiveness of BRICS Countries and the Current Status and Suggestions for brics Cooperation in STI -- Research on the Mechanism of the BRICS Partnership on New Industrial Revolution Innovation Center -- Federal RD Expenditures in Brazil the Last 10 Years -- The Present and the...