Public research organisations (PROs) have always been an important source of innovation. The report reviews the knowledge transfer processes and their evolution over the last 30 years. The processes evolved from an "Open Science" model in which the PROs did not retain any IPR, to a "Licensing...

Since the influence of science stretches far beyond the scientific community, involving society in setting research priorities and monitoring research activities is becoming increasingly important. This publication explores the growing trend towards direct participation by citizens in the...

The launch of the Seventh Framework Programme for Research - FP7 (2007-2013) places a renewed emphasis on international cooperation in science and technology (S&T). The new approach of international cooperation in FP7 aims to support European competitiveness through strategic partnerships with...

The ERA Green Paper identified access to knowledge generated by the public research base and its use by business and policy makers as being at the heart of the ERA and concluded that knowledge transfer must improve in order to accelerate the exploitation of research and the development of new...

The existence of and access to leading research infrastructures is and will remain a key determinant of Europe's competitiveness in both basic and applied research. Adequate research infrastructures, together with the needed critical mass of research skills are vital for promoting innovation,...

These proceedings gather the written contributions made to the workshop "Responding to global challenges: the role of Europe and international science and technology cooperation" which was organized by DG research on 4-5 October 2007 in relation with the ERA expert group on international...

It is only in the recent past that governance has come to be recognised as a core issue of radioactive waste management. This new view results from a gradual realisation that a strictly technical approach was not adequate to address the complexity of the questions raised by this particular type...

The European Commission has made international cooperation a major aspect of the 7th Research Framework Programme (FP7). Open to participation from nearly every country in the world, FP7 is the largest international R&D programme worldwide. The majority of FP7's budget has been assigned to...