We provide comparative evidence on R&D tax credit and subsidy programs by studying whether firms' participation in each program exhibits state dependence and whether cross program interactions exist and are significant. We use a panel of manufacturing Spanish firms, which could use both types of...

The effectiveness of R&D subsidies can vary substantially depending on their characteristics. Specifically, the amount and intensity of such subsidies are crucial issues in the design of public schemes supporting private R&D. Public agencies determine the intensities of R&D subsidies for firms...

Analysis of the effects of public financing on private investment in R&D has been the object of numerous applied studies without it having been possible to arrive at a definite conclusion. In this paper, the results of a meta-regression of econometric evidence on the relationship between public...