Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to enrich the understanding of how to form a multi-item assessment and what approaches can be applied for researchers. Design/methodology/approach – This study proposes three ways to form a multi-item assessment (i.e. separate, formative and reflective...

The impact of research work is related to a scholar's reputation and future promotions. Greater research impact not only inspires scholars to continue their research, but also increases the possibility of a larger research budget from sponsors. Given the importance of research impact, this study...