Notwithstanding the ambiguous research and productivity promoting effects of plant variety protections (PVPs), even in developed countries, many developing countries have adopted PVPs in the past few years, in part to comply with their Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights...

The United States was the first country in the world to explicitly offer intellectual property protection for plant varieties. Beginning in 1930, asexually reproduced plants were afforded plant patent protection, in 1970 sexually propagated plants could be awarded plant variety protection...

The total expected cost of sequestering carbon in agricultural soils is estimated under a possible EQIP program offering a per-acre subsidy to adopt conservation tillage and a carbon credit program where producers can sell their carbon credit in an external market. Both programs are compared to...

This report, using a linear programming model to minimize total delivered world steam coal costs, analyzes future coal trade flows. Assessing the possibility of exporting Northern Great Plains coal through the St. Lawrence via the twin ports of Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin is the...

This report gives a comprehensive overview of a three-year extension education program designed to provide educational/technical assistance to the tourism industry serving the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) in northeastern Minnesota.