The literature on grocery store loyalty views a consumer as possessing store loyalty toward a particular store for her or his overall shopping needs. In this study, we examine store loyalty as a category-specific trait, i.e., a consumer could be loyal to Store A in category 1, but loyal to Store...

In this paper, a model containing two manufacturers of different market competitiveness retailing products in the carbon emissions trading market with competition was established. Among them, a manufacturer is in a limited market leadership position and intermediate state between the Stackelberg...

Retailers often face a newsvendor problem, i.e., they must order their inventory prior to a short selling period with uncertain demand. The uncertainty can be reduced by advance selling because not only are advance orders certain, but the remaining demand can be better forecasted. Consumers,...

We consider a cooperative advertising channel consisting of a manufacturer selling its product through a retailer in competition with another independent retailer. The manufacturer subsidizes its retailer's advertising only when a certain threshold is positive. Moreover, the manufacturer's...