Changes in accumulated retirement savings, particularly in employer-sponsored defined contribution (DC) plan balances, differ by worker’s earnings levels. Earnings shocks, portfolio diversification, and employer contributions to worker’s DC plans affect retirement savings for lower earners...

Most workers need a workplace retirement plan to supplement their Social Security to achieve an adequate retirement income — defined here as a 70 percent replacement rate at age 65. However, only 44 percent of workers in the United States participate in a retirement plan at work. The lack of...