Most economic decisions are embedded in a specific social context. In many such contexts, individual choices are influenced by their observability due to underlying social norms and social image concerns. This study investigates the impact of choices being observed, compared to anonymity of...

Monetary risk measures classify a financial position by the minimal amount of external capital that must be added to the position to make it acceptable.We propose a new concept: intrinsic risk measures. The definition via external capital is avoided and only internal resources appear. An...

Risk parity is an asset allocation strategy designed so each asset class contributes equally to overall portfolio risk (as measured by volatility). While risk parity offers potential advantages, its success hinges on key assumptions and a favorable environment for bonds. Like the traditional...

In the wake of the financial crisis, investors are increasingly concerned with ways to mitigate extreme losses. We analyze various approaches to enhancing traditional portfolio construction with tail-risk control. Interestingly, we find investors have better managed tail-risk using a...

We describe a simple robust technique for incorporating any type of views on expected returns into the Risk parity framework. Optimal allocations with views are characterized by two key properties. First, assets that are not subject to views remain at risk parity. Second, agnostic (cautious)...

We use a panel dataset from the Dutch Household Survey, covering annually the period 1995-2012, to analyse whether individual financial risk taste changes over time with the background macroeconomic and financial conditions, as well as personal and subjective exposure to portfolio risk....

Risk parity has been considered a heuristic asset allocation method. In this paper, we show that, to the contrary, risk parity is a special case of a mean-risk type of a portfolio optimization problem with log-regularization to constrain weights. We show that log-regularization leads to a fund...

Striving for maximum diversification we follow Meucci (2009) in measuring and managing a multi-asset class portfolio. Under this paradigm the maximum diversification portfolio is equivalent to a risk parity strategy with respect to the uncorrelated risk sources embedded in the underlying...

Most textbook finance literature assumes risk to be the standard deviation of returns (volatility), which is not only used by academics but also financial advisors, regulators and more. This paper comprehensively examines whether volatility is consistent with investors’ actual perception of...