This paper provides a quantitative risk analysis of leveraged ETFs (LETFs) with a focus on the impact of leverage and investment horizon. From the empirical returns of several major LETFs based on the S&P 500 index, the performance of LETFs generally declines as investment horizon increases,...

This empirical study investigates the ability of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) to replicate the risk-return characteristics of their respective benchmarks accurately. By decomposing ex-post tracking performance, this study finds that the commonly used measure, tracking error, rarely sufficiently...

This study investigates the presence of intraday patterns in the eleven sectors of the United States (U.S.) economy. Key contributions are in terms of assessing (i) risk and return patterns at specific time periods of the trading session on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), (ii) whether a...