We investigate the extent of credit risk management in the Indonesian rural banking industry. Specifically, we focus on the role of diversification, capital buffer, and ownership on the probability of incidence and trajectory of two credit risk proxies—loan loss reserve to non-performing loan...

The opacity of the banking business has been identified as a main source of stock crash risk. Level 3 financial instruments are particularly opaque products, as their fair value is neither directly available nor measurable using market prices. Focusing on Europe, we find robust evidence that L3...

A poor risk culture was one cause of the financial crisis. Surprisingly, there is no evidence of the link between risk culture and bank stability. Using a large sample of European banks from 2004 to 2014, our paper shows that a sound risk culture leads to better performance. Our research design...