It is known that the classical ruin function under exponential claim-size distribution depends on two parameters, which are referred to as the mean claim size and the relative security loading. These parameters are assumed to be unknown and random, thus, a loss function that measures the loss...

Large banks assess their regulatory capital for market risk using complex, firm-wide Value-at-Risk (VaR) models. In their 'bottom-up' approach to VaR there are many sources of model risk. A recent amendment to banking regulations requires additional market risk capital to cover all these model...

As U.S. Treasury securities carry the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, they are free of default risk. Thus, their yields are risk-free rates of return, which allows the most recently issued U.S. Treasury securities to be used as a benchmark to price other fixed-income instruments....