The article is devoted to estimating the uncertainty parameters of Russian GDP on history, that arises as a result of revisions and refinements of data over time. A brief review of the reasons for the revisions allows us to form an understanding of their necessity and importance. For analysis,...

Model-selection uncertainty corresponds to the uncertainty about the true lag order of the autoregressive process that should be picked. This paper shows that all model-selection criteria perform poorly in small samples. Model-selection uncertainty adds to the bias and variability in the...

[Update: Within four weeks of the original publication of this research report, Risk Magazine reported in its 28th February 2012 issue story titled 'Goodbye VaR? Basel to Consider Other Risk Metrics': "A review of trading book capital rules, due to be launched in March by the Basel Committee on...

In aftermath of the Financial Crisis, some risk management practitioners advocate wider adoption of Bayesian inference to replace Value-at-Risk (VaR) models for minimizing risk failures (Borison & Hamm, 2010). They claim reliance of Bayesian inference on subjective judgment, the key limitation...

Traditional mean variance optimization assumes that future returns and covariances of all the assets in the universe are known exactly. In practice, these input parameters are subject to estimation errors that may render the output of the optimization algorithm essentially useless. Here we...

We describe characteristics of various risk measures (Value-at-Risk, Expected Shortfall, etc.) that are used to analyze and quantify the tail risk exposure, and discuss their relative strengths and weaknesses. Emphasis is placed on presenting and comparing methodologies to compute and backtest...

Market-driven defaults, such as Archegos, made manifest the dangerous interplay between leverage and wrong way risk (WWR) and the egregious impact of this non-linear dynamics on the credit loss distribution. In the following, Fabrizio Anfuso generalises the WWR exposure model introduced in...

An intensive and still growing body of research focuses on estimating a portfolio’s Value-at-Risk.Depending on both the degree of non-linearity of the instruments comprised in the portfolio and thewillingness to make restrictive assumptions on the underlying statistical distributions, a...

A common problem in asset and portfolio risk and performance analysis is that the manager has such a short history of asset returns that risk and performance measure estimates are quite unreliable. But the manager has available long histories of many risk factors and can use a subset of them to...