This paper seeks to characterize incentive compensation in a static principal-agent moral hazard setting in which both the principal and the agent are prudent (or downside risk averse). We show that optimal incentive pay should then be `approximately concave' in performance, the approximation...

The management of natural commons is typically subject to threshold effects: past a certain agregate consumption level, the benefits of the commons will be lost for everybody. As dealing with the global climate illustrates, moreover, it is often impossible to locate an actual threshold with...