Existing Options theories are now the foundation for derivative products and most risk management techniques. Many researchers have analyzed options and derivative products from only the risk management and investment/speculation points of view, but not from a decision-making point of view. One...

Since 1990, there has been substantial debate in both the popular press and academic materials about earnings management by multinational companies and the capital markets (ie. microstructure; raising capital) effects of their rampant uses of Dividend-Equivalent Rights (“DERs”) and...

Having excessive numbers of shares outstanding is either common or prevalent among listed companies in emerging markets and especially in Central/Eastern European, African and Asian stock markets (i.e. where such companies usually have between two-times and twelve-times the average numbers of...

Asset Management Corporation Of Nigeria (AMCON) was created in 2010 by statute enacted by the Nigerian Federal Assembly (with the approval of The Nigerian President) even though there was evidence that similar “Asset Management Corporations” (AMCs) in other countries had only a 33% change of...

At the present time and in most developed countries, Complex Corporate Instruments (“CCIs”) and Climate Finance Instruments (CFI) are regulated by a myriad of laws at the local, state and federal levels. This introduces or can cause conflicts, greater transaction costs, and opportunities for...