1. Development of Grey System Research -- 2. Basic models in grey systems theory -- 3. Grey systems and uncertainty modelling -- 4. Agent-based modelling in grey economic systems -- 5. Selection of the company’s strategy using Grey Stratified Decisions Model. .

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for data analytics where everything is grey in nature and the associated uncertainty is considered as an essential part in data collection, profiling, imputation, analysis and decision making. Design/methodology/approach - A...

This paper focuses on risk over long time horizons and within extreme percentiles, which have attracted considerable recent interest in numerous subfields of finance. Value at risk (VaR) aggregates several components of asset risk into a single quantitative measurement and is commonly used in...