Expectation formation about future trade liberalization induces sectoral adjustment in advance and so the number of opposition decreases and trade liberalization can be self-fulfilling. We analyze this expectation formation mechanism in political process from two aspects: population aging and...

I construct a dynamic model in which an ambiguity-averse principal chooses the agent to whom to delegate the decision among elites (i.e., experts) with uncertain biases and non-elites with no bias in each period. The focus is on the phenomenon that the principal distrusts elites and delegates...

This study aims at characterizing the optimal regulation of risky activities when risk assessment is subjective as a result of ambiguity on the probability of an accident. The attitudes toward ambiguity held by stakeholders form subjective risk perceptions, which substantially affect the optimal...