We investigate the effect of commodity financialization on firm’s idiosyncratic risk. Our results reveal a positive effect of commodity financialization on firm’s idiosyncratic risk. Derivative usage and diversification strategy can negatively moderate the positive effect. Moreover, the...

This paper analyzes the influence of downside risk on defaultable bond returns. By introducing a defaultable bond-trading model, we show that the decline in market risk tolerance and information accuracy leads to trading loss under downside conditions. Our empirical analysis indicates that...

This paper applies real options theory to establish an overseas oil investment evaluation model that is based on Monte Carlo simulation and is solved by the Least Squares Monte-Carlo method. To better reflect the reality of overseas oil investment, our model has incorporated not only the...