After the recent financial crisis (2007-2010), many doubts on the reliability of the mathematical models to measure the financial risks have arisen. As a consequence, model risk has been a source of concern for financial regulators. This risk includes, among others, incorrect mathematical...

In this paper we develop a novel valuation model and methodology to value a pharmaceutical R&D project based on real options approach. The real options approach enables the possibility of optimally abandon the project before completion whenever the investment cost turns out to be larger than the...

This article analyzes the tail behavior of energy price risk using a multivariate approach, in which the exposure to energy markets is given by a portfolio of oil, gas, coal, and electricity. To accommodate various dependence and tail decay patterns, this study models energy returns using...