The present paper extends to higher degrees the well-known separation theorem decomposing a shift in the increasing convex order into a combination of a shift in the usual stochastic order followed by another shift in the convex order. An application in decision making under risk is provided to...

This paper defines the rate of substitution of one stochastic change to a random variable for another. It then focuses on the case where one of these changes is an nth degree risk increase, and the other is an mth degree risk increase, where nm⩾1. The paper shows that the rate of substitution...

Risk and risk aversion are important concepts when modeling how to choose from or rank a set of random variables. This chapter reviews and summarizes the definitions and related findings concerning risk aversion and risk in both a mean-variance and an expected utility decision model context.