Financial primitives are introduced to define acceptable loss exposures when demands and supplies are defined on differing event spaces. Acceptable loss exposures are modeled by a convex cone of random variables containing the non-negative random variables. The resulting financial equilibrium...

Risk management is developed by using implied volatilities associated with a Laplacian base density as opposed to the normal distribution. Expressions are derived for all the Laplacian greeks. The Laplacian implied volatilities and greeks are compared with their Gaussian counterparts....

Complex insurance risks typically have multiple exposures. Options on multiple underliers with a short maturity are employed to hedge this exposure. Hedges are illustrated for GMWBVA accounts invested in the nine sector ETF's of the US economy. The underliers are simulated risk neutrally by...

What happens to risk as the economic horizon goes to zero and risk is seen as an exposure to a change in state that may occur instantaneously at any time? All activities that have been undertaken statically at a fixed finite horizon can now be reconsidered dynamically at a zero time horizon,...

The risk conscious investor is defined as the maximizer of a conservative valuation or dynamically a nonlinear expectation. Both the static and dynamic problems are addressed using distortions of tail probabilities or distortions of tail measures. The multivariate static problem is solved in the...

Three processes reflecting persistence of volatility are initially formulated by evaluating three Lévy processes at a time change given by the integral of a mean-reverting square root process. The model for the mean-reverting time change is then generalized to include non-Gaussian models that...

Three processes reflecting persistence of volatility are initially formulated by evaluating three Lévy processes at a time change given by the integral of a mean-reverting square root process. The model for the mean-reverting time change is then generalized to include non-Gaussian models that...

Economic enterprises are represented by their return processes modeled in efficient markets by pure jump limit laws. In particular four parameters of a bilateral gamma process are used to synthesize the up and down moves with differing mean and variance rates for the two motions. Prudential...