Many studies have questioned the reliability of banks' calculations of risk-weighted assets (RWA) for prudential purposes. The significant divergences found at international level are taken as indicating excessive subjectivity in the current rules governing banks' risk measurement and capital...

In many standard derivation and presentations of risk measures like the Value-at-Risk or the Expected Shortfall, it is assumed that all the model’s parameters are known. In practice, however, the parameters must be estimated and this introduces an additional source of uncertainty that is...

This paper examines the evolution of the Pillar 2 framework for banks, introduced by the Basel 2 Accord, and discusses the main issues at stake in the current policy debate. The main objective of Pillar 2 was to complement the minimum requirements established by regulators (Pillar 1) with...