Health care insurers have faced increased risks under the health care reform (PPACA) in the United States. By increasing the population of insureds, eliminating coverage caps, extending covered perils, and mandating minimum loss ratios, health care reform confronts insurers with the specter of...

Previous research into workers compensation risk-financing choice has considered only the alternatives of risk transfer in the form of full insurance and risk retention the form of self-insurance. However, self-insurance is only one of two forms of risk retention. How determinants influence the...