Over the last decade, researchers, practitioners, and regulators had intense debates about how to treat the data collection threshold in operational risk modeling. There are several approaches under consideration --- the empirical approach, the "naive'' approach, the shifted approach, and the...

A rich variety of probability distributions has been proposed in the actuarial literature for fitting of insurance loss data. Examples include: lognormal, log-t, various versions of Pareto, loglogistic, Weibull, gamma and its variants, and generalized beta of the second kind distributions, among...

Over the last decade, researchers, practitioners, and regulators had intense debates about how to treat the data collection threshold in operational risk modeling. For fitting the loss severity distribution, several approaches have been employed: the empirical approach, the “naive” approach,...