The Expected Shortfall (ES) is one of the most important regulatory risk measures in finance, insurance, and statistics, which has recently been characterized via sets of axioms from perspectives of portfolio risk management and statistics. Meanwhile, there is large literature on insurance...

The classical notion of comonotonicity has played a pivotal role when solving diverse problems in economics, finance, and insurance. In various practical problems, however, this notion of extreme positive dependence structure is overly restrictive and sometimes unrealistic. In the present paper,...

In this paper, we propose new risk measures from a regulator's perspective on the regulatory capital requirements for insurers. The proposed risk measures possess many desired properties including monotonicity, translation-invariance, positive homogeneity, subadditivity, nonnegative loading, and...