Pharmaceutical drug Research and Development (R&D) outsourcing to contract research organizations (CROs) has experienced a significant growth in recent decades and the trend is expected to continue. A key question for CROs and firms in similar environments is which projects should be included in...

A multiobjective binary integer programming model for R&D project portfolio selection with competing objectives is developed when problem coefficients in both objective functions and constraints are uncertain. Robust optimization is used in dealing with uncertainty while an interactive procedure...

This paper presents a novel model for designing a reliable network of facilities in closed-loop supply chain under uncertainty. For this purpose, a bi-objective mathematical programming formulation is developed which minimizes the total costs and the expected transportation costs after failures...