Water resources are crucial for the continuity of life. Humans and living species need fresh water for drinking and sanitation, while industries in most sectors of the economy need water for some part of production processes themselves. Access to fresh water is a grand challenge at the global...

The research presented in this paper focuses on the sustainable use of water resources in Russia based on a Foresight study with a 20-year time horizon. The study uses a scenario-planning method to develop four trajectories: economic depression, economic stagnation, visionary future, and...

The current mechanism of fiscal equalization in the Russian Federation is complex, unstable and not transparent. In addition, it does not appear to be accomplishing its main goal: the equalization of funds among regions. While major reforms were introduced in 1994, serious problems remain in...

This study examines whether Russian farmers who enter regional politics can skew local policies in their favor. We hypothesize that Russian regions with more local members of parliament (MPs) owning agricultural businesses and farmer-ministers are more likely to allocate higher agricultural...

Using data from a 2009 survey of 957 manufacturing enterprises, this paper examines relations between the state and business as well as priority differences in the distribution of governmental support by federal, regional and local authorities. Regression analysis reveals that a "model of...

The paper discusses general approaches to taxation of companies’ income, explains the role of some tax laws provisions, that seem problematic, and their relationship with the general concept of income taxation. Analysis of those provisions and review of international experience provided an...

Liberalization policies of transition have led to the mass reduction of enterprise subsidization which prevailed in socialist economies. However, in some sectors of the economy, subsidies associated with price controls remain due to "social" and "political" factors. Moreover in multi-tier...

In this paper we present theoretical framework for quantitative assessment of tax burdens on investments in physical, human and R&D capital in Russia. The modified and extended version of King–Fullerton model for computation of marginal effective tax rates on marginal hypothetical investments...

Although many enterprises in Russia have been privatized, the government still retains its influence over them; they, in turn, also try to attain state guardianship. State patronage over firms often takes the form of privileges (e.g., subsidies, tax discounts or government projects) given to...

The authors made an attempt to analyse a wide scope of issues connected with the tax position of non_commercial organizations. In the book they describe the policy of a number of foreign countries regarding taxation of non_commercial organizations and peculiarities of the Russian approach to the...